Magpies 3D Architectural Design : FIFA World Cup 2010 – The Green Point Stadium

The 68,000 spectators Green Point Stadium designed by gmp architekten, is one of the major stadiums to host the FIFA World Cup 2010 in South Africa. With its horizontal facade expression and the curving contours, the architectural design was intended to enhance the horizontal line of Table Mountain, and appeared as an iconic building in Cape Town.

Together with the horizontal line of Table Mountain and the rounded top of Signal Hill, the curving contours of the stadium act as a kind of bottom note in a harmonious triad. Lightweight in concept, the circular stadium comes across as unobtrusive and respectful of its surroundings. Its appearance varies greatly with the typical lighting conditions of the area. With its translucent external skin, it reacts to different weather and daylight conditions at different times of the day or seasons, and diverse lighting effects give it a sculptural look.

gmp architekten

+ Project description courtesy of gmp architekten

The skyline of Cape Town is dominated by Table Mountain, Signal Hill and the Atlantic Ocean. Cape Town Stadium forms a landmark at the foot of Signal Hill, and fits respectfully into its environment. The challenge was to create a standalone building in this unique location that enriches rather than mars the world-famous picture-postcard setting.

Specifically, the job was to design a stadium on part of Green Point Common, an 80ha public park in the city center that would become iconic of Cape Town. The Common also contains South Africa's oldest golf course and oldest rugby club. It is surrounded by residential areas, and is close to Cape Town's central business district on the old Victoria & Alfred Waterfront, which is now the city's main tourist attraction.

Green Point Common has history in Cape Town. It was a rocky wasteland until, in 1923, the government of the Union of South Africa made it over to the city as common land on which recreational areas and sports facilities would be set up. Over the past decades, the area of common land has been whittled away, most of it no longer being accessible to the public, having been leased to private sports clubs and other organizations.

After careful political consideration, it was de-cided to locate the stadium so as to forge a link between the commercial center and Green Point Com-mon, and reorganize the existing sports facilities. Fort Wynyard artillery fort, Green Point cricket ground and the golf club were integrated into the public park.

This design concept was combined with the purely functional requirements. For spectators, it provides a logical but sensory structure, and inside the stadium engenders a terrific atmosphere during soccer and rugby matches and concerts alike. The stadium provides seats for 68,000 spectators, arranged on three tiers, 2,400 of them for business and a further 2,500 in boxes. Broad access promenades on Levels 2 and 6 form "lobbies" round the stadium arena, allowing visitors freedom of movement, a pleasant environment to linger in and ease of orientation round the stadium. The pitch is visible from the "lobby". The upper "lobby" at a height of 25m offers a panoramic view over Green Point Common, the city and the ocean.

The parabolic profile of the stands gives all spectators an optimal view of the pitch. The strongly curving outline of the top tier contrasting with the more muted curves of the roof edge is a result of their functional geometry. During the 2010 soccer World Cup, temporary rows of seating will be installed on either side on the top tier, but these are due to be replaced later by events suites and clubrooms. That will reduce seating capacity from 68,000 to 55,000 but increase the number of rentable areas, so as contribute to the commercial viability of the sta-dium post-World Cup.

One critical objection to the politically motivated location in a small-scale setting was the height of the stadium. Due to the rocky subsoil, the pitch and bottom tier could not be sunk into the ground. To reduce the apparent height of the stadium, therefore, we provided an elevated plateau as an artificial landscape feature that mediates between the surroundings and the stadium and lessens the perceived height of the stadium. Broad ramps and steps on three sides lead up to this plateau, under which is parking space for over 1,200 cars, a goods delivery area and access for fire engines and emergency services.

The need to weigh down the flat suspended roof against aerodynamic uplift and achieve rainwater runoff without pumps prompted us to come up with an innovative structural solution: a synthesis of a saddle-shaped, curved suspension roof and a truss-girder system, with heavy glass roofing to prevent wind suction upwards.

These steel truss girders on load-bearing cables form the core of a roof structure clad on both sides. The 36,000m² roof is made of laminated glass. The inner, 16m-wide ring consists of clear glass so that the pitch gets a lot of natural light, while the external glass areas are enameled, to reduce heat dissipation and cut the light intensity by about 80%. The underside of the roof structure is, like the façades, clad with a translucent membrane, which not only covers the technical installations but also provides sound insulation. The loudspeaker system, floodlighting and stand lighting systems were integrated into the roof. Despite the total glass weight of 4,500 tons, the roof is still a lightweight structure compared with roofs of similar size.

The façade was designed as a horizontally profiled membrane. Its undulating silhouette transforms the stadium into a large-scale, translucent sculpture. The membrane is a semi-transparent glass fabric with a silver coating, enveloping the load-bearing structure like a veil while allowing glimpses of the interior. In the highly changeable weather conditions in Cape Town, it offers frequently changing reflections—like the changing light conditions and moods of the day: white and light on bright summer days and shrouded in grey on stormy winter days. At sunset, the stadium is bathed in a reddish glow. At night, it gleams like a Chinese lantern, revealing its interior.

Cape Town's world-famous skyline has acquired a new architectural feature. The new stadium has unobtrusively taken its place in the impressive urban landscape of the Cape of Good Hope and in the hearts of South African citizens whatever their ethnic origin.

+ Project credits / data

Project: Green Point Stadium

Location: Green Point, Cape Town, South Africa

Consultancy: 2006 – 1. 1st prize

Architect: gmp architekten – von Gerkan, Marg and Partners Architects

Design: Volkwin Marg and Hubert Nienhoff with Robert Hormes

Project leader: Robert Hormes

Project leader roof: Martin Glass

Project management: Michèle Rüegg

Staff (in alphabetical order): Sophie Altrock, Holger Betz, Christian Blank, Margret Böthig, Lena Brögger, Maike Carlsen, Chris Hättasch, Patrick Hoffmann, Andrea Jobski, Martin Krebes, Helge Lezius

Cooperation with: Louis Karol architects, Point architects, Cape Town

Structural concept and design roof: Schlaich Bergermann und Partner – Knut Göppert mit with Thomas Moschner

Structural engineering: BKS (Pty) Ltd, Iliso Consulting, Henry Fagan & Partners, KFD Wilkinson, Arcus Gibb, Cape Town

Technical equipment: BKS (Pty) Ltd, WSP (Pty) Ltd, Ilsio Consulting, Goba Consulting, Cape Town

Urban design: Comrie Wilkinson architects & urban designers, Jakupa Architects and urban designers, OvP Associates Landscape Architects, Cape Town

Landscape design: OvP Associates Landscape Architects, Cape Town

Architects on site: BKS (Pty) Ltd, Cape Town

General project management: MDA Mitchell du Plessis Associates, BKS (Pty) Ltd, Ariya project managers, Cape Town

General contractor: JV Murray & Roberts, WBHO (Dach Roof), JV Pfeifer Seil- und Hebetechnik & Birdair

Client: City of Cape Town, spv 2010

Construction period: 2007–2010

Gross floor area: 110.000 m²